Mining and its Affects on the Community

Arrandale, Tom. â€Å"Public Land Policy†. CQ Researcher Online. 17 June 1994. Rio Salado College Online.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Tom Arrandale, a CQ Researcher contributor from Albuqueque, New Mexico, uses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  congressional hearings and senate records to provide an unbiased documentation of the raging battle over the Clinton administration’s plans to up user fees and implement stricter control in the use of public lands which yield gold, timber, and livestock feed.   In a previous report, Mary Cooper cited the opposition of residents of Washington, Oregon and northern California against stricter control and are said to be unwilling to sacrifice â€Å"jobs for owls†. Cooper, Mary H. â€Å"Cleaning Up Hazardous Wastes†. CQ Researcher Online. 23 August 1996. Rio Salado College Online. This article discusses the positive and negative aspects of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which is more popularly known as the Superfund law which went into effect December 11, 1980, as well as the need to improve it.   She had previously identified some of the former U.S. Nuclear Weapons Plants which became Superfund sites in her earlier report entitled â€Å"Nuclear Arms Cleanup†, published in the June 24, 1994 issue of the CQ Researcher Associated essay: Text Mining and Business Ramifications Cooper, Mary H. â€Å"Water Quality†. CQ Researcher Online. 24 November 2000. Rio Salado College Online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This article is about the success of the 1972 Clean Water Act in eliminating water pollutants coming from the most obvious point sources which are the industrial plants and sewage treatment plants.   However, Cooper contends that about forty percent of waters in the country are still polluted owing to runoffs from coal mines in the mountains, animal wastes and toxic chemicals from agricultural farms, and toxins from city street sewers.   In another article a couple of years later entitled â€Å"Bush and the Environment†, Cooper voiced the same apprehension when the Bush administration allowed companies mining for coal in the mountains of Kentucky and West Virginia to dump their rubbles into surrounding streams. Landers, Robert K. â€Å"Is America Allowing Its Past To Be Stolen?† CQ Researcher Online. 18 January 1991. Rio Salado College Online.    Landers talks about how America’s past is being lost through the mining of American Indian artifacts and discusses the merits and shortcomings of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act signed by President Bush in November 1990. In a later article in the CQ Researcher, Mary Cooper writes about the American Indians’ fear â€Å"of racism by a society that can’t come to grips with its bloody past.† Prah, Pamela M. â€Å"Coal Mining Safety†. CQ Researcher Online. 17 March 2006. Rio Salado College Online. Using extracts from a congressional forum on mine safety as well as statements of experts  and government authorities, Prah dwells on the subject of the protection of the nation’s coal miners in the aftermath of an incident in a Sago, West Virginia mine explosion which killed 12 miners.   This prompted the NIOSH, the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and the state of West Virginia, to co-sponsor an International Mining Health and Safety Symposium on April 20-22, 2006 in Wheeling, West Virginia.                           

How the Human Brain Stores and Retrieves Memory Essay

Memory is the ability to encode, store and recall information. The three main processes involved in human memory are therefore encoding, storage and recall (retrieval). Additionally, the process of memory consolidation (which can be considered to be either part of the encoding process or the storage process) is treated here as a separate process in its own right. Encoding is a biological event beginning with perception through the senses. The process of laying down a memory begins with attention (regulated by the thalamus and the frontal lobe), in which a memorable event causes neurons to fire more frequently, making the experience more intense and increasing the likelihood that the event is encoded as a memory. Emotion tends to increase attention, and the emotional element of an event is processed on an unconscious pathway in the brain leading to the amygdala. Only then are the actual sensations derived from an event processed. Consolidation is the processes of stabilizing a memory trace after the initial acquisition. It may perhaps be thought of part of the process of encoding or of storage, or it may be considered as a memory process in its own right. It is usually considered to consist of two specific processes, synaptic consolidation (which occurs within the first few hours after learning or encoding) and system consolidation (where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Storage is the more or less passive process of retaining information in the brain, whether in the sensory memory, the short-term memory or the more permanent long-term memory. Each of these different stages of human memory function as a sort of filter that helps to protect us from the flood of information that confront us on a daily basis, avoiding an overload of information and helping to keep us sane. The more the information is repeated or used, the more likely it is to be retained in long-term memory (which is why, for example, studying helps people to perform better on tests). This process of consolidation, the stabilizing of a memory trace after its initial acquisition, is treated in more detail in a separate section. Recall or retrieval of memory refers to the subsequent re-accessing of events or information from the past, which have been previously encoded and stored in the brain. In common parlance, it is known as remembering. During recall, the brain â€Å"replays† a pattern of neural activity that was originally generated in response to a particular event, echoing the brain’s perception of the real event. In fact, there is no real solid distinction between the act of remembering and the act of thinking.

Agoraphobia †An overview

Agoraphobia is a state of having an intrinsic fright of attending crowded areas, civic places, or open spaces, and at times comes with anxiety assaults. However, the terminology is extensively misinterpreted. Its wordy meaning implies an apprehension of â€Å"open spaces†. Notwithstanding, it is not an appropriate way and rather ambiguous mode of looking at it.Agoraphobics are not generally and frequently afraid of open spaces. They are rather fearful of undergoing panic-stricken emotions, whatever place or wherever time such fearful feelings may possibly engender. For many, this takes place at home, in community gathering or worship places, or in jam-packed supermarkets, places that are certainly not â€Å"open†.In reality, agoraphobia is a state which takes over when an individual shuns spaces or state of affairs that induce anxiety. typical â€Å"phobic situations† might contain circumstances like driving, shopping, crowded places, traveling, standing in line, being alone, meetings and social gatherings. (Nayman 2010)Experts say that agoraphobia occurs due to inner nervousness conditions which later develop so extreme that the sufferer turns paranoid of going in places where panic feelings or anxiety arise. Once the panic attacks begin, these occurrences turn into an ongoing strain.This normally directs an increase in the numbers of panic attacks and, for some individuals, a surge in such situations or events can produce panicky feelings. A handful might experience apprehensive feelings constantly, more emotions of overall distress, instead of panic.Therefore, agoraphobia is both – an intense form and a phobia, besides being a prototype of a shunning behavior. (Nayman 2010) Some agoraphobics may suffer from this phobia so ruthlessly that they totally housebound themselves, due to which they rarely go outside.Many people consider agoraphobia as contradictory to claustrophobia (fear of being locked in closed spaces, e.g. elevators) – however, it is not merely a fright of open spaces.Agoraphobia may cause due to the fear of leaving outdoors, a sort of open space – but it is NOT an anxiety of being in vast openness and without walls, a roof or other peripheries, etc. This trepidation of going outdoors offshoots from an anxiety of being humiliated, cornered and vulnerable someplace while having a panic attack that is never thought to occur within one’s own home. (Gournay 1989)According to the estimates of National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), in America around 3.2 million Americans suffer from agoraphobia. The normal age of the beginning of agoraphobia is 20 years.The Causes:Professionals are not as confident and certain as to what are the exact causes of agoraphobia. Many assume that it might be a product of physical (excessive anxiety) and/or psychological factors how it is connected to an anxiety disorder.Many people suffering from panic disorder will ultimately develop a state of ag oraphobia, because normally agoraphobics undergo a panic attack or disorder which with the passage of time turns into an intense phase of anxiety. The condition might become a traumatic health and social phase that anxiety ridden individuals end up find them trapped in. (Gournay 1989)History of Agoraphobia:In the mid 1960's Agoraphobia was termed as a ‘Phobic Anxiety Disorder’ A prominent German neurologist Westphal was the first to coin the word in 1871. Westphal emphasized on the significance of anxiety interconnected with the condition.Later researches prove that mostly women as compared to men go through this kind of phobia. (depressionguiude.com) phobia.depression-guide.com/agoraphobia.html Physical symptoms of agoraphobia: Sufferers happen to undergo the symptoms when they experience such situations or surroundings that induce anxiety in them.Physical indications may be uncommon since a number of agoraphobic individuals evade situations which they perceive will ac tivate panic. However, if symptoms do appear, they might include: Increased heart beat and an increased breathing rate (hyperventilating).Feeling hot, going red, Stomach upset, Diarrhea, trouble swallowing, breaking out in a sweat, nausea, shivering, trembling, dizziness, feeling light headed, if about to faint, & ringing in the ears. (medicalnewstoday.com)Psychological Symptoms:The Psychological symptoms are sometimes related to the physical symptoms of the phobia which might include:Anxiety that people will take in observation a panic attack, which results in disgrace and discomfiture. Fear that they would be unable to breathe throughout a terror assault, their heart my stop working, or, resulting in their death. Fright that the sufferer himself/herself is going wild and out of control. Other exclusive possible psychological symptoms may include: decrease in morale and self-esteem, out of control sensation, stress, general feeling of dread and anxiety. Thinking that without the he lp of others the sufferer himself/herself would never be able to function or survive.   Dread of being left alone. (medicalnewstoday.com)Behavioral symptoms:Behavioral symptoms of agoraphobia may be:Dodging – Escaping from surroundings and situations that may prompt anxiety. In some instances this may be moderate, in which the patent shuns all crowded and public places.In extreme episodes, he/she totally house bounds him/herself, or ties at the hip of a close friend or loved one. Avoids going in a crowded train. In some very intense occurrences the person can't leave the house or considers it impossible to do so.Encouragement – the sufferer direly needs encouragement or reassurance from someone very close. He/she might go out to shops or marketplaces provided a trustworthy friend comes along too. On the contrary, in acute instances the sufferer can't bear or stand being alone at all.Safety measures – needing to take along some items in order to confront or fac e boldly the environment or places triggering anxiety. For instance, some of such individuals need to have an alcoholic drink before stepping into a crowded place, while others may not go outside until they are sure to keep their tablets along.  Run away – escaping or running away from nerve-racking places or situations straight away and going back home. (medicalnewstoday.com)How To Identify Agoraphobic Students And Assist Them To Learning Better:A handful of American students in their final years leave their studies due to agoraphobia, & of course no individual or student in a class room student can stand being tagged as an â€Å"agoraphobic patient† or a â€Å"sufferer†.Fortunately, we have school psychologists working with great concerns on such matters, even though the process of identifying such agoraphobic students is not a herculean task, because the indications or symptoms are conspicuous enough to pin point such individuals.The course teachers can be of great help for the psychologists seeking agoraphobic students in academia. Once identified, the process of helping them do better in their educational lives is discussed below.Case Study And Treatment Of The Disorder:Consider the instance of scottfin, a high school student about how she overcame this disorder.â€Å"I am not a teen anymore, but I remember having terrible panic attacks in class. I didn't know what they were. Now don't laugh or maybe you should, but I thought I was being possessed by the devil. Don’t know why I thought that, but I didn't have anything to base what I was going through on. I finally got help from a doctor, and he put me on medication.It made them disappear. It was a huge relief. I later learned that it is very common. I hope you will be able to get some help, and get on with your life. I want you to know it does get better. Hang in there. The teen years are hard enough, but then to have this on top of it is intolerable. I wish you the best!â⠂¬ This shows that this phobia can be treated if the sufferer is ready to coordinate. And as stated earlier school therapists can do a lot to treat agoraphobics via helping them develop coping skills to curb their fright and anxiety. Systematic desensitization, a sort of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), is a viable behavioral method used to cure agoraphobics.It is based on the foundation of getting the person relaxed, asking him/her to then ponder over the gears of the phobia, operating from the slightest fearful to the most fearful. Ongoing and Steady introduction to real life phobias is also a method deployed which has practically aided patients to conquer the fears.(Eisenstadt 2003) According to some findings at National Institute of Mental Health, approx 75% agoraphobics having specific phobias shed their fears through this method of cognitive-behavioral therapy. (psychologistanywhereanytime.com)Anti-apprehension and anti- trauma remedies are often prescribed to help reduce the indicators’ toll on this disorder. Some drugs which facilitate in controlling the operation of serotonin (brain’s secretion controlling transmissions relating mood changes) are often prescribed. Nonetheless, these prescriptions do not crack the phobia wholly; it can decrease unease so that the sufferer can handle the phobia.Hypnotherapy or Hypnosis is another method in which patients are made to speak about their intrinsic frights being in a subconscious state. It can prove an effective therapeutic technique used by clinical psychologists. (Eisenstadt 2003)Another famous technique to heal the disorder is called Emotional Freedom Techniques, which is assumed to be one of the most viable forms of psychological treatments. It is a method widely accepted by doctors all over the world.However, this must be taken into account that during the handling of agoraphobia, the counselor or psychiatrist might have to travel with the sufferer or spend time with him/her personally maintain a therapeutic distance.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic - Assignment Example Schematic diagrams of pharmacokinetic model that distinguishes oral versus transmucosal absorption and how the whole process works is presented below, iIn figure 1 Lozenge level is higher than in figure 2. Folates in human beings form a group of water-soluble vitamins B that have similar chemical structures to folic acid and are vital for methionine and nucleotide biosynthesis. Low folate status has been associated with altered DNA methylation, which may affect gene expression, and uracil-induced genomic instability which may result into an increased cancer risk. Pharmacokinetics has a component of vitamin C recommendable for diet allowance. The study has found it that the oral vitamin C has potential for use as a non-toxic, sustainable, therapeutic agent. The amount of vitamin C required for good health represents a challenging aspect of scientific nutrition. The oral vitamin D supplements are well-absorbed from the small intestine amongst human beings. The presence of bile is necessary for absorption of vitamin D which is related to serum proteins and is widely distributed throughout the body. It is stored primarily in the liver and fat. Both forms of vitamin D are inactive and must undergo conversion in the liver and kidneys to form biologically active compounds. Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are hydroxylated by hepatic microsomal enzymes to 25 (OH) D. Further conversion of this intermediate form in the kidneys produces the physiologically active form, of dihydroxyvitamin D. Although it is not the biologically active form, the intermediate form, 25 (OH)D, is used to assess vitamin D status since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels do not typically decrease until clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency have become severe. The maximum clinical response typically occurs approximately a month after therapy has been initiated.

Fashion marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion marketing - Essay Example It takes over other stores to enter a new market and because of the brand name, it is able to quickly settle in. (International Operations, 2008) As mentioned above, Wal-Mart has a simple strategy which it practices around the globe. This has been the reason why Wal-Mart hasn't been able to do well in Germany and China. The same strategy cannot be implemented across cultural and geographical boundaries. Despite the standard strategies around the world, Wal-Mart has to adapt to an extent like the low budget stores in Brazil and small subway stores in China. The global initiative does not support its marketing strategy very well in all regions, Wal-Mart needs to adapt and be flexible in order to be success. (International Operations, 2008) Currently it does not seem that Wal-Mart will be successful in Japan or German. To be successful, the management should study the local conditions of store chains that are functioning well and adopt a similar marketing strategy since learning is the best thing to do. Also Japan and Germany are very quality conscious thus the best thing is to give them high quality products at higher rates. And also before starting any operations, Wal-Mart should perform an extensive market research like the one being conducted in India. According to the conclusion th

The Changes in Business Strategies for the Royal Furniture Term Paper - 1

The Changes in Business Strategies for the Royal Furniture - Term Paper Example In order to cope with these challenges, Royal Furniture has to bring a positive change in the company’s overall structure through the integration of change management, organizational behavior, and corporate strategies. This is important to sustain long-term modifications because critics argue that change management comes along with unavoidable risks and failures (Burnes, 2009). Hence Royal Furniture would have to critically evaluate its past and present performance prior to making future strategies. The Royal Furniture is operating in the international furniture industry for more than four decades. However, the company is currently facing immense challenges in terms of business policies, structure, and people. For instance, competition is drastically increasing because competitors are implementing new management and marketing strategies. Moreover, the business environment all over the world is now dominated by customized products and services. This has persuaded many organizations to change their traditional business structure and policies. Globalization has greatly facilitated business expansion while unveiling new markets and business opportunities, but it has also boosted the competition in the international consumer market subsequently leading to the change in business environment (Gottschalk, 2007). The consumer mindset is transforming as per the latest trends prevailing in the society which has been facilitated by intense communication networks. Social networking and internet marketing has proved fairly beneficial to the progress and development of different organizations.  

Should U.S get war with Iraq Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Should U.S get war with Iraq - Research Paper Example To him, Saddam was developing and stock piling weapons of mass destruction, denied Iraq people democratic space and his administration abused human rights. Furthermore, Saddam was accused of financing and harboring Al-Qaeda. However, facts and evidences refuted the above allegations and revealed that it was Bush’s and his cronies’ decision to attack Iraq in order to secure supply of oil. Statement French and Jason claimed that terrorism and weapons of mass destruction compelled United States of America to lead war against Iraq (61). However, United States of America should not have led war against Iraq. All facts and supplementary evidence failed to link Iraq with any form of violation of both international law and United States security. On the contrary, security, integrity and independence of sovereign Iraq were adversely violated following clever statements and manipulation of facts carried out by former President Bush administration. Bush used clever statements to i nfluence decision of the UN Security Council and allied nations to destroy Saddam’s regime. Bush administration painted Saddam as defiant and deceptive. As compared to Iran, Libya and North Korea, Iraq had less capability of developing WMD. Doherty confirmed that war in Iraq was not driven by bad intelligence but rather it was by Choice of Bush and his cronies. Bush relied on his National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), which were doctored to mislead Americans and the world to back the war against Saddam regime as planned. Justification why Iraq war was acceptable First reason why it was wrong to invade Iraq was that, Iraq did not possess or produced weapons of mass destruction. According to United Nations Security Council and United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Monitoring Verification and Inspection Commission did not find evidence of weapons of mass destruction (199). Iraq Survey Group led by the United States of America revealed that Iraq ended its biological, chemical and nuclear programs in 1991. In fact in February 2001, Powell and Rumsfeld asserted that Iraq did not pose a nuclear threat. It was even revealed that Saddam did not have the capacity or intention to project conventional weapons against own neighbors leave alone weapons of mass destruction. Furthermore, United States at that time declared that they had Saddam caged. The weapons that were suspected to be contained in Iran were Yellowcake uranium. Furthermore, the French government opined that Iraq had stockpiles of botulism and anthrax toxins and was able to produce VX within short notice. Sabri alleged that Saddam hid poisonous gas among Sunni tribe’s men but revealed that there were no biological weapons stocked piled or produced in Iraq. However, Bush’s administration maintained that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction even after facts presented by various investigators such as Wilson Joseph and Subri revealed otherwise. In 1995, according to report provi ded by defector General Hussein Kamel to the United Nation’s Security Council all chemical, biological, missiles and nuclear arsenals had been destroyed. Following repeated assessment that was done in May 2001, Iraq’s military was said to be fairly weak. In July 2001, Rice claimed that Saddam was not in control of North of Iraq and his military forces were not rebuilt or regroup. In September 2002, International Institute for Strategic Studies revealed

Hypovolemic shock and blood transfusion intervention Essay

Hypovolemic shock and blood transfusion intervention - Essay Example This research presented typical features of hypovolaemic shock, primarily developing from chronic alcoholism. The patient earlier episodes of epigastric pain and upper GI bleeds and was treated for the same by antiemetic drugs and antacids. Following that episode he was advised against drinking and smoking. In this event, Mr. Z developed nausea 48 hours before the haemetemesis. During the haemetemesis episode he vomited blood 5 times, containing blood coffee brown in colour and from the upper GI. In this case, the rationale for giving blood was that the patient’s haemoglobin levels were only slightly above normal, the blood loss was severe, and the patient’s condition was perceived to be serious. The physicians in this case had to make a close decision, as if the symptoms and the vital sign (especially blood pressure) could be managed effectively, blood transfusion was not needed. The criteria for blood transfusion are made based on general criteria and not the manageme nt or care setting for the particular patient. For example, if the patient is managed in the ICU, there is oxygen and respiration is taken care of and hence, anaemia may not be a serious issue that the patient has to cope with. Hence, the care settings have an important role to play. The most important criteria for transfusing blood for an ICU patient are whether the patient is hemodynamically stable or not. If the patient cannot be maintained properly in a hemodynamic state (even though the blood loss was minimum), then blood transfusion is needed. Haemoglobin is critical in ensuring oxygen supply to the vital organs and the tissues of the body. However, if the patient can be maintained hemodynamically stable (even though the blood loss was severe) and the haemoglobin levels is below 7 g/dl, the vital signs are seriously affected, then the patient has to be suggested for blood transfusion. In this case, it would be likely that blood transfusion was given as a precautionary measure although in the current care settings, stability of the vital signs and haemoglobin level it would not be necessary. Besides, the fact that the patient was currently in the ICU was not taken into consideration, and it is important that this fact be taken into consideration. The blood pack has been administered slowly over 3 hour duration (as per the mentioned in the case), and any risk of adverse effects were monitored. Though no urticaria and erythema were noticed, there has been a slight improvement in the patient’s blood pressure levels, APTT, Haemoglobin levels, heart rate and respiratory rate. However, there is not much improvement in other important components such as blood pressure, pulse, breathes rate and haemoglobin (Veenema, 2007). Ethically and legally, consent was obtained orally and carefully documented. The patient should be competent to give consent and only if the patient’s condition is such he is in a position to give consent, should consent be taken. There was also a need to ensure

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 - Essay Example Argentina’s immigration policy supports migration of permanent immigrants, temporary immigrants and people on transit to other countries. The immigration policy borrows heavily from the Patria Grande plan which allows registration and work permit issue to citizens from the  Mercosur  countries.  Mercosur  countries are mostly in South America who partner with states in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) such as Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition the Argentinean immigration policy addresses several issues that affect immigrants by ensuring protection of basic rights of all immigrants (Hines, 2010). The immigration policy has thus attracted immigrants from many underdeveloped South American countries who come to Argentina to seek jobs in industries. Argentina’s immigration policy has traditionally encouraged European immigration (Organization of American States, 2012). This is evident in the Argentinean constitution which shows that there is a  desire  to promote the migration of people from European states. In addition it is also attributed to the country’s history of European immigration to the country at the end of the 19th  century.   Critics have however argued that this is a rhetoric that promotes preferential treatment to immigrants from European countries. However, various other legislations to promote  equitable  treatment of immigrants  have been enacted. Over the years there have been several cases of people migrating to Argentina from the U.S. Reasons for immigration from America to Argentina include: immigration to work on professional jobs, settling of Argentine Americans in their ancestors’ country of origin and the settling tourists who want to be citizens in Argentina. Argentina’s immigration policy for migrants from the United States is not very restrictive as compared to the America’s policy for immigrants from Argentina (Hine, 2010). However, due to the restrictions that

Factors that effect college learning Research Paper

Factors that effect college learning - Research Paper Example This paper attempts to explore all these factors with the help of credible research and then relate the ideas unfolded by research to the process of learning initiated by joining colleges. It should be understood how the negative practice of seeing students as customers only and not knowledge seekers by many college administrators is responsible for decline in college learning and how very demanding parents or students who have their interests based on vocational training alone also interfere with the true spirit of learning process. Understanding the role played by different factors is important as even â€Å"high-achieving students seem less able to grapple with issues that require them to think across disciplines or reflect on difficult questions about what matters and why† (Wilson). The colleges should guarantee such education that students could enlighten the world later on with their charismatic leadership and high moral behavior. â€Å"Students and others pay us lots of money, and we should try treat them respectfully, efficiently, and in a way that satisfies them† (Levine). This practice of seeing students only as customers who could be manipulated and used for the benefit of the administrators by asking them to make big commitments in terms of money on part of the colleges and the practice of viewing colleges solely as vocational training providers on part of students and parents should be abandoned as both these features collectively form a very negative influencer of good learning. Students turn to business schools so that they could be treated there as future business leaders and those schools â€Å"should not, in the words of one of my colleagues, plop students down as pre-M.B.A. goo and then orchestrate an experience from which good customer f eedback is sought† (Snyder, cited in THE EDITORS). It is a deplorable reality and a matter of great concern that the type of undergraduate

Papa johns Essay Example for Free

Papa johns Essay Fried Oysters cassia salt, seaweed salad 11. 95 39. 95 cup of clam chowder, steamers, mussels, chourico, corn on the cob, steamed 1-1. 25 lb. lobster (larger sizes available please inquire) Crispy Montauk Calamari 12. 95 Baked Stuffed Lobster add 6. 00 Shrimp Wontons 10. 95 steamed or fried with seaweed salad Wood Grilled †¢ regular †¢ spicy †¢ Rhode Island style (hot peppers and garlic) †¢ Thai style (pineapple and peanuts) Sriracha Popcorn Shrimp 9. 95 shrimp scallop buttery cracker stuf? ng comes with choice of two house sides or opt for two premium sides for an addi onal 1. 50 each kettle corn, sriracha mayo Bang Bang Cauliflower kung pao 5. 95 Warm Spinach and Feta Dip 6. 95 whole wheat pita chips Beef Lettuce Wraps 8. 95 kimchi, scallion ginger sauce Chowders Salads New England Clam Chowder cup 5. 25 bowl 7. 50 Lite Clam Chowder cup 5. 25 bowl 7. 50 Swordfish Tuna* cooked medium rare Faroe Island Salmon Arctic Char Bluefish Rainbow Trout Shrimp Sea Scallops Haddock Marinated Steak Tips* 29. 95 29. 95 25. 95 25. 95 19. 95 19. 95 22. 95 Market Price 23. 95 18. 95 add a skewer of scallops 8. 95 or shrimp 6. 95.selections based on quality and availability Fish Chowder cup 5. 25 bowl 7. 50 Lobster Bisque cup 7. 50 bowl 11. 50 authentic creamy bisque garnished with lobster House Salad 6. 50 cherry tomato, shaved carrot and sunflower seeds, creamy romano peppercorn dressing or tomato balsamic vinaigrette Wedge Salad 9. 95 blue cheese, bacon, tomatoes and blue cheese vinaigrette Classic Caesar Salad 6. 50 romaine, garlic croutons, shaved romano, creamy dressing chnut/fram/pbdy/sshore dinner 111213 *Consuming raw or undercooked meats, poultry, seafood, shellfish, or eggs may increase your risk of foodborne illness. More information about the safety of consuming raw food is available upon request. Legal Classics Legal’s Signature Crab Cake Combo 29. 95 one jumbo lump crab cake, grilled shrimp and scallops mustard sauce, seasonal salad Legal’s Signature Crab Cakes two jumbo lump crab cakes, mustard sauce, seasonal salad 28. 95 Baked Stuffed Shrimp Casserole jumbo shrimp, buttery crabmeat stuffing, choice of one house side 25. 95 Nutty Atlantic Salmon almond encrusted, sauteed in a lemon caper butter sauce, mushroom ravioli and spinach 25. 95 Shrimp and Garlic sauteed with tomato, scallions and mushrooms, tossed with fresh pasta 22. 95 Lemon Caper Grey Sole lemon beurre blanc, jasmine rice, sauteed spinach 26. 95 Anna’s Baked Boston Scrod 21. 95 seasoned crumbs, roasted tomato, jasmine rice, seasonal vegetables (cod or haddock depending on landings) Wood Grilled Assortment* 27. 95 chef’s choice of three fish (can be cooked medium rare), shrimp, scallops, choice of two house sides Jasmine Special steamed shrimp and broccoli over jasmine rice with melted monterey jack cheese (available with brown rice) 22. 95 Cioppino lobster, scallops, shrimp, calamari, littlenecks, mussels and whitefish in a light tomato broth 27. 95 Vegetarian Box (vegan friendly, contains nuts/peanuts) 19. 95 sesame soy stir-fried vegetables, Thai red coconut curry sauce, cashews, tofu and brown rice, with Shrimp 25. 95 or Scallops 26. 95 Seafood Casserole 26. 95 scallops, shrimp, lobster, whitefish and cheese baked with sherry garlic butter or cream sauce, choice of one house side Surf Turf Crispy Fried french fries and cole slaw Creekstone 6 oz. filet, smoked shrimp butter, choice of two house sides. Fisherman’s Platter 27. 95 shrimp, scallops, calamari, clams whitefish Grilled Shrimp, Scallops Filet* 40. 95 New England Fried Clams 24. 50 Baked Stuffed Shrimp Filet* 40. 95 Creekstone 6 oz. filet, smoked shrimp butter, choice of two house sides Steamed 1 1. 25 lb. Lobster Filet* 44. 95 whole-bellied, sweet petite Fish Chips regular or spicy 16. 95 Creekstone 6 oz. filet, smoked shrimp butter, choice of two house sides Shrimp 22. 95 Wood Grilled Creekstone 8 oz. Filet Mignon* 33. 50 Sea Scallops Market Price smoked shrimp butter, choice of two house sides *can be undercooked upon request Marinated Grilled Chicken 21. 95 broccoli, mashed potatoes, lemon chive butter sauce House Sides french fries onion strings brown rice broccoli cheese cole slaw (1. 95) a la carte house sides 4. 50 Crispy Fried Fillets †¢ Cod 21. 95 †¢ Haddock 23. 95 †¢ Sole 26. 95 Premium Sides seaweed salad jasmine rice mashed potatoes baked potato jalapeno cheddar polenta sauteed kale 1. 50 honey yogurt, roasted peanuts roasted mushrooms 1. 50 con? t shallots, herb oil, garlic butter. Flavors roasted root vegetables 1. 50 black pepper orange caramel sauce a la carte premium sides 5. 50 everything spice cajun spice chettinad spice red onion jam shandong sauce lemon chive butter smoked shrimp butter Please note: Before placing your order, please inform your server if a person in your party has a food allergy. *Consuming raw or undercooked meats, poultry, seafood, shellfish, or eggs may increase your risk of foodborne illness. More information about the safety of consuming raw food is available upon request. chnut/fram/pbdy dinner 111213.

Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay Example for Free

Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay What role does the corruption of innocence play in Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding? In the books Lord of the Flies and Turn of the screw, the corruption of innocence is used to show how easily evil can manifest itself in children. In Lord of the Flies, a group of young children are abandoned on an island with no adult supervision. They are convinced there is a beast on the island. This is the source of the evil, which eventually causes the group to start arguing and completely split up. In Turn of the Screw, a young woman is hired to look after two young children, Miles and Flora. She is convinced she can see the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel who used to look after the children. This slowly sends the woman mad and she kills Miles, trying to prove what she sees. In both books there is a corrupting force. In Lord of the Flies, the beast represents this. The beast brings fear to the children on the island, especially the littluns. It is a focus for their fears. The parachutist, which lands at the top of the mountain, is their first real focus for the beast. At this point in the book, the boys wanted grown ups to come and sort things out for them on the island. The grown up came but cant save them, as he is dead. The boys dont know this though. The twins, who were on fire watch, saw the parachutist and immediately thought it was the beast. They ran down the mountain to tell their chief, Ralph that they had just seen the beast. As the book goes on, the beast starts to break up the society formed while they were on the island. The group splits and jack becomes the leader of the new hunting group and decides they arent going to bother about the beast. When Ralph and piggy visit Jacks end of the island, they find jack painted and garlanded, sat there like an idol. The hunters do a tribal dance. They pretend Roger is the pig and they run around in a circle around him with their spears, as they supposedly would when they were out hunting. They all chant kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill the blood! Simon comes out of the bushes, after his encounter with the Lord of the flies and is killed. His name is never mentioned, he is called the beast throughout the killing, the beast was on its knees in the centre of the circle. In The Turn of the Screw, Peter Quint is the corrupting force. Peter Quint is real; therefore the beast is just a symbol. Quints appearance is different to what the governess has seen around. She immediately knows he is not a gentleman has he is not wearing a hat. Quint is seen as the stereotypical, dominant, male figure of evil who corrupts those around him. Quint seems to have an influence on Miles. He starts doing things just to prove to the governess that he can. An example of this is when he goes outside in the middle of the night. Flora and Miles were both in on the plan. When the governess asked why he did it he said it was so she would think me-for a change- bad! Miles is rebelling, but we dont know whether this is because of Quints influence or juts because he is messing about. This is because of the narrative it is written in. We presume that Quint has corrupted Miles and Flora because they both start acting out of character. The governess believes that Flora was aware of the ghost of Miss Jessel when she appeared by the lake. Two hours ago in the gardenFlora saw. Light and dark plays a big part in the books. Day and night is a main theme throughout both books. In Lord of the Flies, the parachutist arrives at night. The darkness again and stars a figure dropping swiftly from a parachute. The significance of this coming at night is that the boys have less control over what they can do. Things are less visible at night and it makes things look a lot worse than they actually are. This shows evil has already started to corrupt the children. The children automatically think the parachutist is the beast. If the children were still at their most innocent, it wouldnt have affected them in the way that it did. They would have been more likely to check out what was on the mountain before jumping to conclusions. They would have at least waited until morning to see what was up there. Another thing related with light and dark which plays a big part in both in both the books is fire and flames. In Lord of the Flies, the boys spent a lot of time making and keeping a fire alight on top of the mountain. This is because Ralph thinks that the smoke is their way to be saved. So we must make smoke on the top of the mountain. We must make fire. Here, Ralph is taking charge. He is trying to get the boys saved. But later on in the same chapter, the fire burns a whole side of the mountain. This shows the dual power of fire. It could save them, but it could also kill. Later on in the book, after the group split, the fire is used as a more tribal thing. The boys turned to savagery. The even stole piggys glasses so they could keep the fire going after the split. This is where you can really see how much evil has corrupted the boys innocence by the way they act. When they first arrived on the island they were very diplomatic and would have at least tried to talk to solve their problem. By the end of the book, they have to creep around to get what they want. In Turn of the Screw, candles are used a lot because of the time period the book is set in. One night, the nurse goes into Miles room. We see a lapse of innocence of miles. Why, the candles out! I then cried. It was I who blew it out dear. Miles says he is trying to show the nurse what he is capable of doing. However, some people may say it is just Miles covering up for the ghost or starting to be corrupted. Miles talks to her as if he is older. He sounds quite rude. Again, here is a time when Miles is covering for the ghost by trying to show to nurse he is in control. Another theme in the books is nature and surroundings. In Turn of the Screw, the house and surrounding gardens are always where the ghosts appear. The first time we see Peter Quint, he is on top of a tower on the house. Also, the first time we see Miss Jessel is across the lake. There was an alien object in view a figure whose presence I instantly and passionately questioned. We dont know if Flora can also see the figure, but the nurse points out that all spontaneous sounds from her had dropped. This then leads us to believe that the nurse thinks Flora can see the ghost. But we arent completely sure whether she is actually being corrupted at this point, as we dont know for sure what she can see, if anything. Leon Edel said that her Turn of the Screw of pain resides in her belief that evil has come in to the lives of the innocent. This would make us think that the nurse was convinced that the children could see the ghosts, even though she has no real proof. In Lord of the Flies, nature is one of the main themes. The island is partially covered in creepers. The littluns think this is where the beast or beastie is coming from. He says in the morning it turned into them things like ropes in the trees' The older boys try to explain there is no beast, but the littluns wont believe them. It is quite ironic that later on in the book they are all scared of the beast. The beast is the evil on the island, so the first mention of the beast would be where they first started to lose their innocence. This is right at the beginning of the book, soon after they all first met up. In conclusion, the corruption of innocence plays a big role by showing how quickly the children were corrupted. And how the force of evil is corrupting the innocent children, showing the power of it. However we dont know whether it is the beast and ghosts or just what is going on in the peoples minds. William Golding once said, The only enemy of man is inside him.

The Swot Analysis Of Burma Country

The Swot Analysis Of Burma Country Burma is situated in Southeast Asia and is bordered on the north and north-east by China, on the east and south-east by Laos and Thailand, on the south by the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal and on the west by Bangladesh and India. It is located between latitudes 09 32N and 28 31N and longitudes 92 10E and 101 11E. The civilization in Burma started in the 1st Century. The first Empire was established in 11th Century in the Pyu Kingdoms. The second Empire was established in the mid of 16th Century by King Bayintnaung. The third and the last Empire was established in 1752 by King Alaungpaya. In the 19th Century, Burma was invaded by British. During the Second World War, Burma was taken over by Japanese for almost three years. Burma developed as a sovereign state on 4th January, 1948 named as the Union of Burma. Sao Shwe Thaik was the first president and U Nu was its first Prime Minister. Burma became an independent country, after the elections held in 2010, named as the union of Burma. At present, the president of Burma is Thein Sein. India Burma Relations India Burma relations initiated from the past history, ethical, cultural religious bonding. The relations got stronger after the visit of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1987. Many deals pleasing bilateral cooperation have been noticed between the two countries. India provided help during the cataclysmic cyclone Nargis in Burma in May 2008 and also during many earthquakes in March 2011. Major Indian Projects in Burma The Government of India has occupied itself in many infrastructural non-infrastructural projects in Burma. ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL), GAIL ESSAR have been contributors in the energy sector in Burma. The Government of India also helped TATA Motors financially while investing in a heavy turbo-truck assembly plant which was started on 31st December, 2010. India also helped in the reconstruction of many schools which were damaged during the earthquake in Burma in March 2011. Bilateral Trade India-Burma India normally imports agricultural items like pulses, beans forest based products from Burma. India mainly exports raw semi-finished steel pharmaceuticals to Burma. Bilateral Trade was US$ 12.4 million in 1980-81 US$ 1070.88 million in 2010-11 which is almost 86 times more. A table summarizing the bilateral relations is as follows: Cooperation between India and Burma in the regional / Sub-regional Context ASEAN: Burma became a member of ASEAN in July 1997. Burma acts as a bridge between India ASEAN as ASEAN India have a common land border. BIMSTEC: Burma became a member of BIMSTEC in December 1997. Burma trades with India in the BIMSTEC region. The 13th BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting was held in Burma in January 2011. MGC: Burma is a member of the Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) since its incorporation in November 2000. MGC was incorporated for cooperation in the fields of tourism, education, culture, transport communication. SAARC: Burma became the observer in SAARC in August 2008. Key cities in Burma The following are key cities of Burma as under: Yangon Yangon is the largest city and also former capital of the Burma. It is also known as Rangoonis. Yangon is situated in lower Burma at the junction of the Yangon and Bago Rivers. As per the data of 2011 approx. population is 44, 77,638. Yangon is the major commercial hub in Burma. Mandalay Mandalay is the 2nd largest city and also former capital of Burma. Mandalay is situated in the central dry zone of Burma by the Irrawaddy River at North. As per the data of 2011 approx. population is 12, 08,099. Mandalay is the economic centre of Upper Burma. Nay Pyi Taw Nay Pyi Taw is the 3rd largest city and capital of Burma. The Nay Pyi Taw as a capital of Burma declared on 27 Mar, 2006, Burmese Armed Forces Day. As per the data of 2011 approx. population is 9, 25,000. Mawlamyaing The population of Mawlamyaing is 4, 38,861 and largest city of Mon State, Burma, and is the main trading centre and seaport in south-eastern Burma. Mawlamyaing located south east of Yangon and south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin River. Taunggyi The population of Taunggyi is 1, 60,115 and capital city of Shan State, Burma. The name Taunggyi means Big Mountain in the Burmese language. RESOURCE ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENT STATISTIC NATURAL RESOURCES Burmas people dependent on the natural resources for their livelihoods traditionally maintained the natural resource management there stability. Burma is also rich for their natural resources like petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten. Lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower. Burma is also fames for their hardwoods. According to the most recent UN World Development Report, Myanmar has an estimated natural Myanmar forest area of 43% down from 12% from 10 years ago, and is ranked 33rd among the worlds top 100 countries. Biodiversity:- According to the report, Burma has unparalleled large amount of animal and plant life. Almost all of the country is located inside the indo Burma biodiversity hotspot and one of the worlds 34 richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life as identified by Conservation International. Since it still houses a wide array of plant and animal species already geographically extinct in neighbouring states, Burma is a country of particular concern in regards to biodiversity conservation in the Southeast Asia region. Forests:- Burma is home to Asias most large area in whole tropical forest ecosystems. May different forest ecosystem exist in Burma like delta mangroves, lowland tropical reain forest in Tennasserim division, teak forests, semi deciduous forest further north and sub alpine in northern kachin state among others. Burma prossesses the worlds only remaining golden teak forest. However all these forest system are in danger most of this closed forest is found in ethnic border region like Karen state karenni state and Tennasserim Division along the Thailand border, Kachin State along the Yunnan, China border, Arakan State along the Bangladesh border, and Sagging Division next to northeast India. Coastal area:- Burma has 2832 k.m. Long coastline larger from the country is exact west to southeast form the way of Bengal to Andaman Sea with this stretch alluvial huts and sheltered muddy area are home to mangrove trees and shrubs. Keystone protect coastal regions from the impacts of storms and also serve like habitat to crawfish, shrimp, crops and numerous other aquatic animal on other side fish and other aquatic foods, communities collect non timber forest product like wild fruits and vegetables from mangroves. Watersheds and freshwater sources:- Burma is in main five rivers. Its name is Irrawaddy, the Chindwin, The Salween, the Sittaung and the Tenasserim, endangered species in a Irrawaddy dolphin and blyths river frog can be found in some of these waterways. And other rivers are like the kaladan its runs from Mizoram, an India through chiniand and Arakan and the Mekong its from the border between shan stet and Lao PDR. Regional and international investors take notice for Burma. Its a plentiful water sources and both for hydropower potential as well as irrigated agriculture. Minerals:- Burma is rich mineral resource like tungsten, tin, zinc, silver, copper, lead, coal, goal, and industrial minerals. Antimony, limestone, and marble deposits also dot the landscape. Gemstones like diamonds, rubies, jade, and sapphires can also be found in Burma. Burma is most famous for its high quality rubies and jadeite. It is hard to track small scale gem businesses and estimate the value of gem trade in Burma, however, according to industry estimates, Burma accounts for more than 90 percent of global trade of rubies by value. Oil and Gas The first foreign investment project after 1988 when the government began to partially liberalize the economy was the development of the Yadana gas field in the Andaman Sea and the construction of a gas pipeline through ceasefire and conflict areas in Mon State and Tenasserim Division in eastern Burma. In 2007, Soe Myint, the Director-General of Planning for Burmas Energy Ministry, stated that the country had more than 500 million barrels of onshore oil reserves, with another 100 million offshore. That same year nine foreign oil companies were exploring for new oil deposits, increasing output from older fields, and attempting to restart extraction on previously shut down fields on 16 onshore blocks. In regards to natural gas, according to British Petroleums 2010 Statistical Review of World Energy, at the end of 2009, Burmas proven gas reserves stood at 20.1 trillion cubic feet, or 0.57 trillion cubic meters, roughly 0.3 percent of the worlds total gas reserves. The CIA World Fact book cites Burmas gas reserves at only 283.2 billion cubic meters as of the beginning of 2010, but the actual proven reserves are likely higher than cited by both sources due to recent onshore gas discoveries. GEOGRAPHY The Union of Burma is geographically situated in Southeast Asia between latitudes 09 degrees 32 min N and 28 degrees 31 min N and longitudes 92 degrees 10 min E and 101 degrees 11 min E. Burma geography area covered is 677000 square kilometres. There are also divided in two part like west east, north south they using the area 936 kilometres 7 2051 kilometres respectively. In Burma touch the West and northwest borders on Bangladesh India. In the North and Northeast is China and Laos and in the East Thailand, all direct neighbors of the country and sea. In Burma 2000 kilometers 1450 kilomerters geographical area consider respectively for north to south and west to east burma. That is more useful for the transportation by the road. In Burma most of rice export from the region like fertile, agricultural. Burma has considered the different are for all different zones so that political situation also different from each other. In Burma available the many mountain ranges. The same people can said to be for the many more mountains range inside the country itself Burma. POPULATION URBANIZATION People in Burma population estimated around 54 million with density being 70 persons per sq. km. in Burma different religious people are there like Buddhist, Christian, Muslim. In Burma main language is Burmese but in there different ethnic group have own languages. In Burma , English language is widely spoken understand. There are main eight group of people in Burma like Kachin, kayah, kayin, chin, mon, bamar, rakhine, shan. The Human Development Index measures development combining indicators of education, life expectancy and income http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi/. ECONOMYINDUSTRY Burma is one of the resource rich country. Burma is considered an agricultural country before the 2nd world war. In Burma garnet economic drivers are like natural gas, mining, timber power generation plant. however suffers from pervasive government controls, inefficient economic policies, corruption and widespread poverty. ENERGY Burma is gerent the major energy by the oil. The have also use to gerent the energy comes from gas coal. The greatest consumer of energy with the residential consumption in the country. EMISSION PROFILE Air pollution is main problem in Burma many cities just because of growing industries. The other side also effect the pollution with the waste burning vehicles are there. However, the country also suffers from trans-boundary pollution from neighbouring countries such as Thailand and India. AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT In Burma maintain the air quality with help of the National commission for environmental agency. Air is also effect to the health so the in Burma develops the National Health Plan. Burma together with the city development committee department of medical research came up with environmental health problem implement pollution controls. POLLUTION Industry pollution:- There is no industry pollution in Burma. Its problems in entire Burma country and also not in yargon. Burma has remained under permissible levels of environmental pollution. Burma is not industrialized so the volumes of carbon and solid waste produced in yargon everyday have not reached considerable level. So there is no pollution in Burma and no need to worry about that. School Myanmar Children Air pollution:- http://www.mmtimes.com/2012/news/614/airpollution.gif In yangon air pollution is 87.50%. The main source of air pollution in Yangon is vehicles. But concrete roads also increase the levels of dust and coarse particles in the air. In Burma particularly vehicle pollution is an increasing problem so if you have any related to breathing problems than speak with your doctor before travelling to any havelly polluted urban centers in Burma. Because of this pollution, we get some minor breathing problems like sinusits, dry throat and irritated eyes. The department began measuring air pollution at three locations in 2009 and new readings were undertaken in January at Hlaing Tharyar Industrial Zone, the departments office in Ahlone township and a residential area in Bahan township. Yangon city roads are quite narrow and this results in traffic jams and in turn more pollution, Food pollution:- Eating in Burma restaurants is the biggest risk factor for contracting travelers diarrhea. Ways it includes eating only freshly cooked food and avoiding shellfish and food that has been sitting around in dining table. Peel all fruit, cook, and vegetables and soak salads in iodine water for the least 20 minutes. Eat in busy Burma restaurants with a high turnover of customers in Burma. Water pollution:- In yangon water pollution is 50.00%. The number one rule is be careful of the water and especially ice in Burma . If you dont know for certain that the water is safe, assume the worst. Reputable brands of bottled water or soft drinks are generally fine, although in some places bottles may be refilled with tap water in Myanmar. Only use water from containers with serrated seal hot tops or corks take care with fruit juice, particularly if water may have been added. Milk should be treated with suspicion as it is often unpasteurised, though boiled milk is fine if it is kept hygienically. Tea or coffee should also be OK, since the water should have been boiled. WILDLIFE Burma is a developing country, they contribute to the more in preservation of its environment and ecosystems. In Burma, forest are cover over 49% area including acacia, bamboo, ironwood and michelia champaca. Since 1995 people are cuts more trees that effect seriously reduced forest area and wildlife area. Tigers, leopard, rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild boars, deer, antelope and elephants are more in upper Burmas forest. Smaller mammals,gibbons and monkeys and over 800nspecies birds in the forest. Birds including, parrots,peafowl, pheasant, crows, herons and paddybirds. CURRENCY Burmas currency is Kyat. Burmas bank issue notes of 1 Kyat, 5 Kyat, 10 Kyats, 15 Kyats, 45 Kyats, 90 Kyats, 200 Kyats. The currency exchange rate in between 1994 is 6 Kyats for one U S $. Than after some time Kyats market is back that time currency exchange rate up to the 1200 Kyats per US $. CLIMATE Burma divided their climate in to the different three category like cold season, Rainy season, Summer. In all three climate also face with different time like summer is march to mid may, rainy fall start in mid may to the end of October and cold season start with November to end of the February. In burma generally enjoy the tropical monsoon. In Burma whether climate change or different from the place to place due to the differing topographical situation. In burma average highest temperature generally during summer month is 43.3 degree. Burma is very hot in summer season. In burma also different climate with different palce like north zone, south zone, waste zone, east zone and central zone also with different seasons. MAJOR CITIES In Burma many cities are their. In Burma have divided the cities on the bases of there population. Major around 10 to 11 cities in the ranking on the bases of the population there is given below Yangon Mandaly Naypyidaw Mawlamyaing Bago Pathein Monywa Meiktila Sittwe Mergni Taynggyi www.geonames.org à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Myanmar [Burma] COUNTRY FACTS Burma is a rich nation one of the developed nation in the world. The latest data given by the UNDPs human development report give rank 132 out of 169. In Burma pre capita GDP is approximately $435 USD almost lowest in the world. CAPITAL (OSLO) In 1995 the capital of Burma is Yangon after that since 2005 the capital of Burma is change. So, now on word Naypyidaw is the capital of the Burma. S.W.O.T ANALYSIS OF BURMA STRENGTHS The Burma is blessed with natural scenic beauty contains more than 2000 kms coastline with beautiful beaches. In Burma more no. of people working in agriculture sector, so that labour force high in agriculture activity. There are 40 national parks, wildlife sanctuary protected area under the forestry ministry also fifteen national parks have been registered in ecotourism sites. Burmas people are giving more respect to women. In Burma literacy rate is very high so that educated people are there. Burma has a large trade deficit that has also crippled its economic growth. Burma export following commodities Jade and Gems, Clothing, Rice, Fish, Pulses and Beans, Wood Product, Natural gas. Telecommunication is high in Burma because people are using internet they have wide range of network. New business procedure is much similar as India. 8% commercial tax and 2% income tax shall be payable in foreign currency for all export from private sector. Burma has big industry of mining, timber, biodiversity and oil and gas and make easily transition with other country In Burma National Tourism Organization has submitted national heritage sites to ASEAN. (E.g. Bagan Mragkoo) Burma is attracted and holds the interested country with a rich history in arts and crafts. Burma represents the largest repository of there arts and crafts. Burma offers variety of sport activities for tourism such as ski in the North, diving, bird watching, and water rafting. In Burma tourist shopping specially like handicrafts. Gems clothes. Burma has pleasant climate and long tourist seasons. May to September can be called value season instead of low season because tourists do not have to pay expensive cost if visiting during this time. WEAKNESSES There is the travel safety warning that there is the constraint imposed on local travel and the dangers of criticizing the regime. The infighting between the ethnic groups in some parts of the country. The Burma workforce lake expertise exposure to a competitive market environment. In Burmas people also lack of technical knowledge especially for construction project. There is a need for improve English other languages for workers in the tourism industry. The country has manpower to support tourism industry for example there are 6,000 people who have got guide license, but only 300-400 are working because of the limitation of available work and tourists. For the moment Burma is the place unlike most other tourist destinations. Travel is sometime unpredictable because the essential infrastructures such as efficient good management, transport, communication and hotels are still far from near complete. Myanmar is a difficult country to sum up in terms of weather since it has a varied terrain with tropical beaches, lowland plateaus and the shoulders of the Himalayas. However, it is considered as a 12 year destination. Lack capital to undertake the necessary programs to develop tourism. Travellers to Burma can visit only officially designated tourist areas. Permission is needed for treks to remote parts of the country. The process of permission takes about seven days. OPPORTUNITIES National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma: After winning the elections in 1990, the military rulers stopped the democratic parties from taking over the government. The MPs, with support from the Democratic Alliance of Burma, the National Democratic Front, and others, formed the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB). The NCGUB has led the call for a tripartite dialogue between the ethnic nationalities, the NLD, and the military to resolve national problems. If there is peace in the country, it is the opportunity for tourism to be promoted. In April 2010, a Tourism Industry Development Management Committee (TDMC) was established to address issues affecting development. Comprising 26 high ranking personnel, the committee aims to develop international tourism in order to increase foreign exchange earnings and raise awareness of the country. The benefits derived are measured not only in terms of the amount of foreign capital brought in, but also includes the long-term transfer of technology and the encouragement of entrepreneurship. There are several areas in which foreign participation can contribute to the development of the economy, and specifically to the tourism sector such as hotel development, infrastructure development, tour operations, souvenir industry, and preservation and restoration of monuments. In Burma, visitor visas have been extended to 28 days and package tour groups can now obtain visas on arrival. Tourists are allowed to enter through several checkpoints along the Thai borders. THREAT Uncertainties about socio-economic stability and a lack of definite signs of reform deter some foreign investors. The economic malaise of the past three decades has fuelled an extensive black market in the country. Risk from economic reform and liberalization. Risk from climate change. Pollution from economic activities is one threat because less education awareness. Tension from internal ethnic conflicts Negative images that are exaggerated or presented in their own point of view by international media such as the issues of human rights and travel advisory. In 2009 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, speaking in the context of the juntas promotion of 1996%2010 as Visit Myanmar Year, argued that it was too soon for visitors to come pouring in to Myanmar. Many NGOs urge the international community to boycott the country. They argue that revenue from tourism supports the Government financially, and holidaying in the country could be interpreted as approval of the military regime. Furthermore, forced labor was used to build some of the tourist infrastructure and tourists are kept away from large parts of the country, where repression of minorities is occurring. However, many comments argue that it is increasingly possible to use privately-owned lodging and transport facilities, benefiting the local people. Likewise, economic development could lead to a democratization of the country.

Comparing the Female Journey in Children on Their Birthdays and Weltys

The Female Journey in Children on Their Birthdays and A Worn Path Male's and female's have been treated differently throughout all of time. Race and looks have also been stereotyped. In this paper I will be talking about two different girls with two different races, looks, and ages. In the stories, "Children on Their Birthday's", and "A Worn Path", the two main characters are girls on a journey with only themselves to lead the way. Throughout their journey the women come across obstacles, good times, and also prejudice attacks against their look, sex, and race. In "Children on Their Birthday's", Miss Bobbit is a 10 year old, very attractive white girl that is journeying for a job. She is treated with much... ...ney with only themselves to lead the way. Throughout their journey the girls come across obstacles, good times, and also prejudice attacks against their look, sex, and race. Works Cited Capote, Truman, Children on Their Birthdays. Atlanta:Peachtree Publishers, Ltd.,1986. Welty, Eudora, A Worn Path. Atlanta:Peachtree Publishers, Ltd., 1986.

Solomon vs. Socrates :: essays research papers

Solomon vs. Socrates: what they thought wisdom was, where it came from, and how it was taught. Solomon and Socrates are thought of as the wisest men in history. Solomon was a man of God who wrote Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Songs of Songs in the Bible. The great philosopher, Socrates, lived in the Classical Age of Greece. Their styles of teaching and perspectives on wisdom were very different, but they did have their similarities. While Solomon and Socrates had the same perspective on what wisdom was, they had contrasting understandings on where it came from. Solomon’s definition of wisdom was the knowledge of making wise choices. Proverbs 1:2-3 says, Wisdom is instruction in wise dealings with others. Wisdom is instruction in righteousness, knowing the difference between good and evil. Wisdom is instruction in justice, knowing how to do what is right. It is the simple learning shrewdness so that they are not taken advantage of. It is the young learning knowledge and prudence. For both the young and the old it is an increase in skill, understanding and knowledge. In Proverbs, he was trying to show his readers how to make wise choices. All of what Solomon wrote came straight from God, and he believed that the only way that anyone could get wisdom was if they got it from God. 1 Kings 3: 5-13 says, In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and God said, Ask what I shall give thee. And Solomon said, Thou hast showed unto thy servant David my father great mercy, according as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou has  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  t kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day. And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I am but a little child: I know not how to go out or come in. And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude. Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? And the speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Nick Carraway as Narrator Essa

The narrative point of view adopted by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby supports the novel's criticism of the upper class and the importance of wealth in society. Fitzgerald uses Nick Carraway as the narrator who views the upper class as entirely superficial. Through his observation of people at Gatsby's party, at the beginning of chapter three, Nick seems to feel that the wealthy are clones of a stereotype accepted and created by themselves. To him it seems as though this society is based on appearance and recognition and judges people according to how much they own rather than what they believe in. Nick's criticisms are accepted by the reader as impartial because Nick is the only major character who is not preoccupied with wealth. This is established in the first few pages of the novel where Nick describes himself and his upbringing in a manner that immediately secures the trust of the reader. This allows Nick to act as a measure for other characters who are in a relentless pursuit of money and power.      Fitzgerald creates a particular impression of Nick in the first few pages of the novel in order for Nick to present himself as honest and to secure the trust of the reader. Fitzgerald does this by describing Nick's upbringing and his opinion of himself. Nick states that he is 'inclined to reserve all judgments' which is 'a matter of infinite hope.' This has the immediate effect of presenting Nick as an unbiased narrator. When he states that his tolerance has a limit, the reader feels that he would only judge people if they have gone too far. The importance of this is that Nick does form very strong opinions of characters later in the novel. This encourages the reader to view these characters so that they will develop ... ...ween the reader and Nick in order for the reader to accept Nick's opinions as impartial. He places Nick in a typical situation where wealthy people interact. The reader is encouraged to view the upper class as superficial and as a group of clones who choose to fit into a single self-created stereotype. By focusing on only a few individuals at Gatsby's party, Nick presents the entire class' pretentious behaviour quickly and effectively to the reader. The importance of appearance and recognition to these people is noted several times by Nick when he describes groups of people behaving in their typically superficial manner. The narrative point of view adopted by F. Scott Fitzgerald thoroughly supports this novel's criticism of wealthy people and how they choose to lead their lives.   Ã‚   Works Cited: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Macmillan, 1992.

Website and Shopping Cart

I am the owner of a clothing store along the jersey shore boardwalk and decide to engage in e-commerce AFEISHA HERRY STRAYER UNIVERSITY MICHAEL HOWARD BUS107 11/26/2011 I am the owner of a clothing store along the jersey shore boardwalk and decide to engage in e-commerce I am the owner of a small clothing store along jersey shore and I am being offered 1000 for my domain name that I will use in the process of e-commerce. Firstly the domain name that I will be using must be pronounceable, brandable, makes sense and also be available, if my domain name is effective in helping the business to grow, I will not sell it. An effective domain name is not easy to compose and sometimes obtain, from my experience I know that a great domain name creates a good impression online and makes you influence people and eventually they will buy your products if you are selling something, all of this I would have taken into consideration before I created a domain name, from my point of view I would not sell an effective domain name if I know it will give my business a boost. Also I will look at the bigger picture I know that I can make a bigger profit if I keep my domain name than to sell it for 1000 which I might not even make a profit on. On the other hand it’s ok if someone has a good domain name and wishes to sell it I don’t see it as being unethical, it all comes down to a person’s decision on how effective and useful the name is to them and if they will benefit from which ever decision they make. The e-commerce software you will be using must provide a catalog display, shopping cart capabilities, and transaction processing. The convenience and usability for the customer are benefits of these functions. State how each of these functions could be beneficial to your business. Catalogs offer consumers a wide range of products of either generalized or specialized nature, the shopping cart acts as a mediator between payment processors and website as well as a janitor helping customers finds the amenities provided. A shopping cart that’s easy to navigate and flexible enough to cater for the personal needs of the customers, improves the site usability and makes online shopping a pleasant experience for the customers. In the absence of a shopping cart the customers wouldn’t have a place to store and manage multiple items and would not have to order separately. For a business the shopping cart software organizes the information for successful transactions and ensures that things run orderly and smoothly. It enables the employer to handle the customers more easily with shopping cart integration; it would really be hard for the business operators to manage their client if every person would have to order every time he chooses a product. Business owners are benefited due to a better functionality that comes with the majority of shopping cart systems that offer features such as back end marketing, wish list and inventory tracking. A good quality shopping cart offers rich functional capabilities to the e-commerce business such as a concise catalog management and a simplified business management by producing a wide array of reports to manage the finances better, monitor sales and provide improved customer service. A shopping cart removes any obstacles in the way of the online customers and the growth of an online business. Transaction processing is a type of computer processing that takes place in a computer user. Every business has to deal with some form of transactions, how a company decides to manage these transactions can be a important factor in the success. As a business grows its number of transactions usually grows as well . Transaction processing is a tool that can help growing business deal with their increasing number of transactions. The advent of online technology has made the international distribution of goods and information a quick and often simple process. The emergence of features like secure servers, one click shopping, and tracking of packages over the internet have helped make them feel more at ease with the process. Transaction processing offer a rapid processing for any business, reliability, standardization, controlled access, transaction processing qualifiers, atomicity consistency, isolation and durability. Transactions processing support routine day to day activities that occur in the normal course of business that help the company add value to its product and services, business expect transaction rocessing to accomplish a number of specific objectives process data generated by and about transactions, maintain a high degree of accuracy and integrity, produce timely documents and reports, increase labor efficiency, help provide increased service, help build and maintain customer loyalty and achieve competitive advantage. Creating an effective presence on the web using revenue the seller establishes a brand image, and then uses the strength of that image to sell through printed catalogues mailed to prospective buyers. Buyers place orders by mail or by calling a telephone number provided an effective site is one that create an attractive presence that meets the objectives of the business or organization by attracting visitors to the web site, making the site interesting enough that visitors stay and explore, convincing visitors to follow the sites links to obtain information creating an impression consistent with the organization is desired image, building a trusting relationship with visitors and encouraging visitors to return to the site. Business accomplishes all of their goals for their website in their current web presence. Having a site that is accessible and easy for people to use can improve your web presences. Even making sure that the site encourages visitors to trust and even develop feelings of loyalty towards the organization behind the web site. An effective site should give the visitor easy access to the organizations history, a statement of objective or mission statement, information about products or services, financial information and a way to communicate with the organization. Presentation is also important, but so is realizing that the web is an interactive medium. Web site usability is important for a company on the World Wide Web a company is web site is the only point of contact that a company has with anyone who is interested in it. Thus companies rely on their web presence in order to achieve their online goals, be they commercials or otherwise. A company sets its usability goals through a combination of user proofing. The company then needs to qualitatively and quantitatively specify these goals then prioritize them so as to determine its usability goals. According to Nielsen and loranger the three most important characteristics that distinguish a usable web site are simplicity, naturalness and ease of use. When good usability is implemented in conjunction with good web design characteristics, especially visual attractiveness, it results in a web site that positively affects users behavior and the trust that a user has in the company to whom the website belongs. This trust is also affected by the user’s perceived usability that is the perception that the user has about the usability of a website before he/she actually makes use of it. Researchers such as safavi have proven that website having a user friendly design and an easy to use interface increases user satisfaction. Research also shows that the importance of web site usability increases in relation to the competition that exists within the environment that website is operating in. I can find no better quote than jakob Nielsen’s famous phrase that on the web â€Å" the user experiences usability first and pays later† meaning that users are always at a click away from leaving a website they are in if they do not find it usable. To develop a web marketing strategy for my business I will first have considered who is my customer, what I have to offer and understand where I am and what I can do helps me to create an effective marketing strategy. In identifying the market segment that I will target I must do some research on my market , identifying who are my main competitors are, what are they doing online, what are their weaknesses and strength, do they offer a guarantee, is their product really good and do they build links constantly or not. Also who are my favorite customers, what forces them to buy one or another product, read reviews, forums, testimonials to find out as much as I can about my target market. After I have performed a through online market research it’s time to systematize the data I have. What are the main strengths and weaknesses of my competitors? My marketing strategy for the company will focus on the market segment of an entire family with young children, to reach that segment my business will feature clothing for every category of the family, fashionable and affordable is the key to attracting customers. To advertise my business on the web firstly I will create a very effective website with a very outstanding domain name, a creative and innovative web page, and informative information about my business. After creating an effective website how I display the products on the site has to do with how I would advertise, my advertising has to be interested , entertaining and capturing so that my target market would want to buy my product by just hearing about out. A good advertisement helps to gain customers. Reference Brewer, it, 2003 website usability of the www as practice. In first Latin American web congress la- web’03. Santiago, Chile, 2003 Belanger,F , et, al,2006,website success metrics, addressing the duality of goals. Communication of the acm. 4a Baker, Michael the Strategic Marketing Plan Audit 2008. ISBN 1902433998 * Laermer, Richard; Simmons, Mark, Punk Marketing, New York  : Harper Collins, 2007 ISBN 978-0-06-115110-1 (Review of the book by Marilyn Scrizzi, in Journal of Consumer Marketing 24(7), 2007) Schneider 2011/9th edition pg 140

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Eight

â€Å"Of course Bonnie's upset,† Alaric said. â€Å"This is her first real boyfriend. But the three of you have been through a lot together. She'l come back to you, and she'l listen to you, once she gets a chance to cool down.† His voice was deep and loving, and Meredith squeezed her eyes shut and held the phone more tightly to her ear, picturing his grad-student apartment with the cozy brown couch and the milk-crate bookshelves. She had never wished so hard that she was there. â€Å"What if something happens to her, though?† Meredith said. â€Å"I can't wait around for Bonnie to get over being mad at me if she's in danger.† Alaric made a thinking noise into the phone, and Meredith could picture his forehead scrunching in that cute way it did when he was analyzing a problem from different angles. â€Å"Well,† he said at last, â€Å"Bonnie's been spending a lot of time with Zander, right? A lot of time alone? And she's been fine thus far. I think we can conclude that, even if Zander is the one behind the attacks on campus, he's not planning to hurt Bonnie.† â€Å"I think your reasoning is sort of specious there,† Meredith said, feeling oddly comforted by his words nevertheless. Alaric gave a smal huff of surprised laughter. â€Å"Don't cal my bluff,† he said. â€Å"I have a reputation for being logical.† Meredith heard the creak of Alaric's desk chair on the other end of the line and imagined him leaning back, phone tucked into his shoulder, hands behind his head. â€Å"I'm so sorry about Samantha,† he said, voice sobering. Meredith nestled farther into her bed, pressing her face against the pil ow. â€Å"I can't talk about it yet,† she said, closing her eyes. â€Å"I just have to figure out who kil ed her.† â€Å"I don't know if this is going to be useful,† Alaric said, â€Å"but I've been doing some research on the history of Dalcrest.† â€Å"Like the ghosts and weird mysteries around campus Elena's professor was talking about in class?† â€Å"Well, there's even more to the history of the col ege than he told them about,† Alaric said. Meredith could hear him shuffling papers, probably flicking through the pages of one of his research notebooks. â€Å"Dalcrest appears to be something of a paranormal hotspot. There have been incidents that sound like vampire and werewolf attacks throughout its history, and this isn't the first time there's been a string of mysterious disappearances on campus.† â€Å"Real y?† Meredith sat up. â€Å"How can the col ege stay open if people disappear al the time?† â€Å"It's not al the time,† Alaric replied. â€Å"The last major wave of disappearances was during the Second World War. There was a lot of population mobility at the time, and, although the missing students left worried friends and family behind, the police assumed that the young men who disappeared had run off to enlist and the young women to marry soldiers or to work in munitions factories. The fact that the students never turned up again seems to have been disregarded, and the cases weren't viewed as related.† â€Å"Super work on the police department's part,† Meredith said acidly. â€Å"There's a lot of weird behavior on campus, too,† Alaric said. â€Å"Sororities in the seventies practicing black magic, that kind of thing.† â€Å"Any of those sororities stil around?† Meredith asked. â€Å"Not those specific ones,† Alaric said, â€Å"but it's something to keep in mind. There might be something about the campus that makes people more likely to experiment with the supernatural.† â€Å"And what is that?† Meredith asked, flopping down on her back again. â€Å"What's your theory, Professor?† â€Å"Well, it's not my theory,† Alaric said, â€Å"but I found someone online who suggested that Dalcrest may be somewhere with a huge concentration of crossing ley lines, the same way that Fel ‘s Church is. This whole part of Virginia has a lot of supernatural power, but some parts even more than others.† Meredith frowned. Ley lines, the strong lines of Power running beneath the surface of the earth, shone like beacons to the supernatural world. â€Å"And some people theorize that, where there are ley lines, the barriers between our world and the Dark Dimensions are thinner,† Alaric continued. Wincing, Meredith remembered the creatures she, Bonnie, and Elena had faced in the Dark Dimension. If they were able to cross over, to come to Dalcrest as the kitsune had come to Fel ‘s Church, everyone was in danger. â€Å"We don't have any proof of that, though,† Alaric said reassuringly, hurrying to fil up the silence between them. â€Å"Al we know is that Dalcrest has a history of supernatural activity. We don't even know for sure if that's what we're facing now.† An image of Samantha's blank dead eyes fil ed Meredith's mind. There had been a smear of blood across her cheek below her right eye. The murder scene had been so gruesome, and Samantha had been kil ed so horrifical y. Meredith believed in her heart of hearts that Alaric's theories must be correct: there was no way Samantha had been murdered by a human being.

Impact of Twitter on Youth

Excellence is not an accomplishment. It is a spirit, a never-ending process. Lawrence M. Miller In order to develop excellence as a leader we must be willing to acknowledge that developing it is not an accomplishment – it's a never-ending process. It's a process full of many awesome moments and many lonely days. It's fun and exciting one day and then the next day we wonder why we ever wanted to lead in the first place. Many of us secretly fantasize about being a greeter at Walmart. Being a leader isn't easy – it requires commitment for the long haul.It's not something we can just accomplish and then move on. Being a leader requires hard work, sacrifice, commitment and a willingness to grow ourselves. The leaders I admire most are the ones who give selflessly of themselves and make personal development a priority. I can not give of myself as I leader if I do not first take care of myself. Great leaders balance personal development and organizational development. Both are important and one without the other does not work. As I have observed great leaders, I find they all have some things in common. Great companies first build a culture of disciplineand create a business model that fits squarely in the intersection of three circles: what they can be best in the world at, a deep understanding of their economic engine, and the core values they hold with deep passion. † ~ Jim Collins, author of Good To Great â€Å"We got it right when we said that we were in search of excellence. Not competitive advantage. Not economic growth. Not market dominance or strategic differentiation. Not maximized shareholder value.ExcellenceIn Search of Excellence even the title is a reminder that business isnt dry, dreary, boring, or by the numbers. † ~ @Tom Peters, author of In Search of Excellence Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we have acted righ tly. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit. ~ Aristotle If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. ~ Colin Powell When a team outgrows individual performance and learns team confidence, excellence becomes a reality. ~ Coach Joe Paterno â€Å"Excellence is not an accomplishment. It is a spirit, a never-ending process. † ~ Lawrence M. Miller â€Å"The secret of joy in work is contained in one word – excellence. To know how to do something well is to enjoy it. † ~ Pearl Buck â€Å"Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren't used to an environment where excellence is expected. † ~ Steve Jobs â€Å"The quality of a person's life is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence, regardless of their chosen field of endeavor. ~ Vince Lombardi â€Å"My parents always told me that people will never know ho w long it takes you to do something. They will only know how well it is done. † ~ Nancy Hanks â€Å"With regard to excellence, it is not enough to know, but we must try to have and use it. † ~ Aristotle â€Å"Sports serve society by providing vivid examples of excellence. † ~ George F. Will â€Å"Excellence is to do a common thing in an uncommon way. † ~ Booker T. Washington â€Å"The noblest search†¦ is the search for excellence. † ~ Lyndon Baines Johnson

Academic Freedom Essay

Freedom is a basic to education in modern democracies. Freedom in education can be categorized in the various aspects such as; Freedom of the child, academic freedom and freedom to read. Mc’Garry and Ward, (1966) puts it: A free society and a free world imply a free educational system and a freedom within the framework of maximum control. In such a closed society they maintained, freedom in education may consist of ability to say or do in consequential things. The legal idea of academic freedom originated in Germany in 1850. The Prussian Constitution declared that â€Å"science and its teaching shall be free. † In Germany, academic freedom is known as the right of faculty to teach on any subject, that was freedom of scientific research, and the right of students to attend any lectures, and the absence of class roll calls writes standler (2000). Academic freedom spread to America in the early 20th Century (Post, 2000). Most American universities at that time were proprietary; professors were understood to be the employees of whoever owned the university, whether that was a private or state. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Then the professors began to conceive of themselves not as mere employees, but as professional scholars who were answerable to the professional judgment of their peers, they began to create the idea of academic freedom. Still, academic freedom has limits. In the United States, for example, according to the widely recognized â€Å"1940 Statement on Academic Freedom and Tenure†, teachers should be careful to avoid controversial matter that is unrelated to the subject. When they speak or write in public, they are free to express their opinions without fear from institutional censorship or discipline, but they should show restraint and clearly indicate that they are not speaking for their institution. Academic tenure protects academic freedom by ensuring that teachers can be fired only for causes such as gross professional incompetence or behavior that evokes condemnation from the academic community itself. Proponents of academic freedom believe that the freedom of inquiry by students and faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy. They argue that academic communities are repeatedly targeted for repression due to their ability to shape and control the flow of information. When scholars attempt to teach or communicate ideas or facts that are inconvenient to external political groups or to authorities, they may find themselves targeted for public vilification, job loss, imprisonment, or even death. For example, in North Africa, a professor of public health discovered that his country’s infant mortality rate was higher than government figures indicated. He lost his job and was imprisoned. Academic freedom refers to the amount of independent judgment allowed teachers and students as both seek knowledge about the world. Maclever as sited by Harris and Liba (1960) holds that academic freedom refers to the freedom of the scholar with the university to pursue knowledge. Dewey and Lovejoy cited by Haris and Liba (1960) also related academic freedom to university teaching. In the modern society and modern aspects of teaching and learning, academic freedom can no longer be considered a university concern but it cuts across all aspects of the academia. Right is what a person is entitled to. Or what is legally due to a citizen account of being a member of a state, (International Declaration or Human Rights) established in 1948, as a common standard of achievement for all people and all nations. This document recognizes the basic human rights and freedom, justice and peace in the world having experienced the two world wars. The commission for Higher Education (CHE) University Act was established in 1985, July and inaugurated on 16th October 1985. It plans programs and finances public universities. It also coordinates admission process, accreditation of university coordination or post secondary training institution and standardization. Recognition and equation of qualifications are also its function according to the requirements of the law. It also guides students in applying or various courses that will lead them to different career choices. This was adopted by the United Nations (U. N) assembly is resolution 44/25 on the 20th November 1989. Talks of Freedom of Expression of opinion and views in Art 12 states that; every child who is capable of forming views and opinion has a right to express them freely; in all matters that affects them. In article number 13 on Freedom of Expression says that the child shall have a right to freedom of expression in terms of: Freedom to seek, Freedom to receive and Freedom to impart information and ideas of all kinds either orally or in writing in art and music. But the exercise of these rights must respect the rights and limitations of others and must respect the country’s laws and morals. Academic freedom consists in protecting the intellectual independence of professors, researchers and students in the pursuit of knowledge and the expression of ideas from interference by legislators or authorities within the institution itself. This implies that no political, ideological or religious orthodoxy will be imposed on professors and researchers through the hiring or tenure or termination process, or though any other administrative means by the academic institution. Nor shall legislatures impose any such orthodoxy through their control or the university budget. This protection includes students. Gwin, Swanson, and Goetz, (1986) also defined academic freedom as the freedom of teachers students to teach, study, and pursue knowledge and research without unreasonable interference or restriction from law, institutional regulations, or public pressure and added that the basic elements of academic freedom include the freedom of teachers to inquire into any subject that evokes their intellectual concern; to present their findings to their students, colleagues, and others, to publish their private data and conclusions without control or censorship; to teach in manner they consider professionally appropriate; and to act in their private lives with all the rights and liberties enjoyed by other citizens This directs towards speaking your mind and challenge conventional wisdom. In today’s political climate it is harder than ever for academics to defend open debate. In away restrictive legislation, and the bureaucratic rules and regulations of government and Universities themselves, have undermined academic freedom. Many academics are fearful of upsetting managers and politicians by expressing controversial opinions. Afraid to challenge mainstream thought, many pursue self-censorship. Academic freedom in Kenya was one of the casualties of repression. Mutunga and Kiai, (1996) stated that since proponents of academic freedom cherished free thought, open expression and good organization, they have been victimized, jailed and tortured. The harassment led to both external and internal exile. Academics like Ngugi wa Thiong’o, ali Mazrui, are victims. There are others who are internally exiles some of these scholars were forced to seek alternatives to the public universities to continue their scholarship and their contribution to the society. The Control of responsibility of public Universities by the state led to abdication of responsibility by university authorities. They instead prefer to call upon state machinery like the police to deal with any crisis in whichever way. University students or staff member wishing to travel outside Kenya must have official government clearance. In the case of university staff, the application from clearance is initially approved by the head of department followed by the dean of faculty, the principal of college, and ultimately the vice-chancellor. Subsequently, the ministry of Education and the Office of the President have to give the final approval, (Mutunga and Kiai, 1996). As at the time the above views about Kenya were documented, one could conclude that academic freedom hangs perilously close to non-existence in Kenya. It was not only the students and lecturers who suffered then, but all the people of Kenya who were denied the benefits that accrued from the existence of academic freedom. There was a moment in Kenya when they President threw a ban on Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT) and allowed KUPPET to come into existence to suppress the powers of KNUT. This was due to the stand that KNUT took as concerns the rights of the teachers in the country. Academic freedom is experienced unequally in the contemporary world. It is securely established in some countries, and scarcely exists in others, and in between the extremes it exists in varying degree of amplitude and security. Where academic freedom is well defined and respected, the teaching profession understands that the principle protects the professor against the devastating consequences of arbitrary dismissal. It is recognized that the eacher can be dismissed only for adequate cause, as established in a proceeding, which measures up to the requirements of due process, including a hearing before a tribunal consisting of his academic peers. It is well understood that the security of the professor depends not so much upon the substantive definition of what constitutes adequate cause, as upon the procedures which are followed. That proper procedure is an indispensable element of justice in the life of the state is a commonplace observation. Proper procedure is equally essential if academic freedom is to remain a viable concept. This will promote literacy in the African continent.